GPI’s Carbon Capture Ready page links to the Carbon and Hydrogen Hubs Atlas, Jobs and Economic Growth Fact Sheets, and related information.

This atlas considers geologic storage potential, current hydrogen production, industrial concentration, and other factors that provide opportunities for siting carbon dioxide removal, carbon capture retrofit, and new zero-carbon hydrogen production.

A Road-Map to At-Scale Deployment of CCUS (National Petroleum Council)

This report on carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), called “Meeting the Dual Challenge”, concludes that at-scale deployment of CCUS requires strong collaboration between industry and government; improved policies, financial incentives, and regulations; broad-based innovation and technology development; and increased understanding and confidence in CCUS.

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Capture, Supply, and Underground Injection of Carbon Dioxide (U.S. EPA)

EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) collects key information regarding the capture, supply, and underground injection of CO₂ in the United States. This page summarizes data on regulated capture, supply, uses, and underground injection of CO₂.

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Carbon Capture (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES))

The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES) carbon storage program provides an overview of Carbon captor, utilization, and storage (CCUS), including history, principles, status, and policy aspects.

Key Takeaways:

• There are several methods of carbon capture: pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel.
• Almost 30 commercial-scale carbon capture projects are operating around the world as of 2020.
• Captured carbon dioxide can be stored in oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline formations, coal beds, or basalt formations and shale basins.

Federal and state regulations exist to ensure proper storage site selection and injection.

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Carbon Capture Coalition

The Carbon Capture Coalition brings together over 80 businesses and organizations to collaborate on federal policy development around commercial scale deployment of carbon capture technologies.

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Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage: Technology and Policy Status and Opportunities (NARUC)

This report from National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) provides insight into carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies and examines barriers to further implementation. Critical policies and regulatory concerns are also explored.

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Carbon Management (Great Plains Institute)

The Great Plains Institute carbon management program has three goals: building support for enactment of targeted federal and state carbon capture incentives, building support for incentives and other policies to facilitate the development and financing of critical trunk carbon dioxide pipelines to underserved states and regions, and advocating for federal research and development.

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Carbon Management Research Initiative (Columbia University)

The Carbon Management Research Initiative is a program at Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy. The website includes information on research on carbon management including reports on decarbonizing heavy industry, policy designs to finance carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects.

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Carbon Utilization Research Council

The Carbon Utilization Research Council (CURC) is an industry coalition focused on technology solutions for the responsible use of fossil energy resources.

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CCUS Analysis Tools and Resources (NETL)

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has several tools and resources to look at the costs of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). These include:

• NETL Cost of Capturing Carbon Dioxide from Industrial Sources
• Databases on pulverized coal, natural gas combined cycle, and industrial sources
• The FE/NETL Carbon Dioxide Transport Cost Model
• The FE/NETL Carbon Dioxide Saline Storage Cost Model
• The Carbon Dioxide EOR Life Cycle Model

Please click here for more information on NETL's Carbon Capture Program. 

Circular Carbon Economy

Developed jointly by Columbia University’s SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy and the Global CCS Institute, the Circular Carbon Economy: Keystone to Global Sustainability Series assesses the opportunities and limits associated with transition toward more resilient, sustainable energy systems that address climate change, increase access to energy, and spark innovation for a thriving global economy.

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Class VI – Wells Used for Geologic Sequestration of CO₂ (U.S. EPA)

This page provides background on geologic sequestration and discusses regulatory requirement for CO2 injection under the Class VI program, with links to guidance, Class VI well inventory, the Geological Sequestration Data Tool, and other information.

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CO₂ Capture & Utilization: The Emergence of a Carbon Economy (Lux Research)

This presentation by Lux Research looks at the global market size for CO2 utilization, which is set to reach a market value of $70 billion by 2030, which will then increase to $550 billion by 2040. Carbon dioxide can be converted into building materials, chemicals, carbon additives, fuels, polymers, and proteins. Recommendations include more regulatory support and incentives including standards for techno-economic assessments and life cycle analysis. 

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Electricity Market Design and Carbon Capture Technology: The Opportunities and the Challenges

The State CO2-EOR Deployment Work Group identified several key policy objectives to focus on around carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) that should be combined and optimized to decrease cost: affordable and reasonable prices for consumers, system reliability, and environmental stewardship. Some of the policy options on the federal level include incentives, FERC initiatives, RDD&D programs. RTOs and ISOs can develop changes to the market rules and support new mechanisms that support long-term, dispatchable capacity. States can expand RPS policies to better support low and carbon-free non-renewable generation and develop low-carbon generation standards or credits.

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National Carbon Capture Center

The National Carbon Capture Center is managed and operated by Southern Company and works to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by developing technologies that promote carbon utilization and capture.

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Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

This report by the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine looks at negative emissions technologies that remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.

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Technology Readiness and Costs of CCS

This report by Columbia University looks at the current and future costs, as well as at new and emerging technologies, for carbon capture and storage. Key costs for carbon capture and storage include capture at the source, the dehydration and compression/liquefaction process, transportation, and injection. The main components of the cost include:

• The concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas stream
• The scale of the capture facilities and methods of transportation
• The cost of the energy
• Capital
• Characteristics of the storage location

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The Status of Carbon Capture Projects in the U.S. (Clean Air Task Force)

Provides the status of U.S. carbon capture projects, including links to a CCUS Project Tracker (Google Doc) and discussion of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service 45Q tax credit.

Key Takeaways:

• Since the 45Q tax credits for carbon capture utilization and storage have been expanded and extended, the number of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects have grown significantly.
• As of 2020, the CCUS Tracker has information on projects that can potentially capture and storage around 40 million metric tons of Carbon dioxide annually.
• COVID-19 has brought financial risk to potential projects and the Clean Air Task Force recommends making the 45Q tax credit a “direct pay” incentive.

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The Tax Credit for Carbon Sequestration (Section 45Q), (U.S. Congress)

This document describes the 45Q tax credit and issues for Congress.

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Technological and Economic Prospects for CO2 Utilization and Removal 

The article in Nature reviews ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide, considering removal potential, scope, scale, barriers, and limitations.

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The Global CCS Institute is an international think tank whose mission is to accelerate the deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS), a vital technology to tackle climate change and deliver climate neutrality.  Please click here to visit the website. 

This report describes the complementary CCUS has alongside zero-carbon electricity, clean hydrogen and sustainable low-carbon bioresources in delivering a net-zero economy by mid-century as these solutions alone cannot reduce gross emissions completely to zero.